Number Of Road Traffic Accidents Research Articles

CHANGE IN THE NUMBER OF TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS IN THE LVIV REGION DURING 2019–2023

Current trends in the development and modernisation of transportation systems focus on safety. However, it is worth conducting an in-depth analysis of data related to traffic safety factors to maximise the safety emphasis in future strategies. This approach concentrates the efforts of engineers and scientists primarily on combating the causes of road accidents rather than their consequences, as is often the case today. The object of research in this article is the street and road network of Lviv region, as it is necessary to take into account the regional aspects of traffic and their differences in the country’s regions, given the density of streets and roads, climatic and hydrometeorological conditions, as well as the typology of roads. One of the scientific problems that the study’s results can partially solve is to identify time patterns and dynamics of changes in the number of road accidents in the Lviv region and compare the results with the targets set out in strategic documents in the field of road safety in Ukraine. The article analyses the data on the number of road traffic accidents in the region from 2019 to 2023. At the same time, it carries out the statistical distribution of traffic accidents by the causes of their occurrence. We also account for the time aspect – a breakdown by time of day and days of the week, including the general trend over the past years. We established that the dynamics of the number and severity of road accidents for the period under consideration is negative; however, the patterns of their occurrence persist, which explains the positive statistical result obtained due to quantitative but not qualitative factors affecting traffic safety. The results obtained are of more value from an engineering and scientific point of view, particularly in comparison with traffic accident statistics disseminated on information resources or social media. The analysis conducted in this article allows us to identify problematic areas in the functioning of both the bodies that ensure the safety and organisation of road traffic and transport systems. Keywords: road safety, road traffic accident, accident rate, transport systems.

Application of a time series to analyse the evaluation of road traffic accidents in Slovakia

Road traffic accidents represent an important part of the road traffic system. In many cases, they may lead not only to damage to vehicles and property, but also serious injuries or even death of road traffic participants. The prevalence of road traffic accidents and the related fatality rates in a country is a significant indicator of the maturity of that country and its inhabitants. The purpose of this article was to review the prevalence of road traffic accidents and fatality rates in the Slovak Republic over the period from 2009 to 2022. The analysis was conducted by applying basic statistical methods and a time series analysis (exponential smoothing method – ETS). The ETS is a method used for forecasting a time series univariate. The focus of this method is on three time series components (error E, trend T and seasonal S), while defining how the individual components interact. The results of the analysis indicated a positive, i.e. a falling trend in road traffic accident rates, according to the numbers of persons killed/injured in road traffic accidents in Slovakia. Compared to 2009, in 2020 there was a decrease in the number of road traffic accidents by almost 54%. In 2022, the number of fatalities decreased by almost 30% compared to those in 2009. The modelling also involved a forecast of the number of persons killed/injured in road traffic accidents for a period of 5 years.

Recreational Nitrous Oxide Dosing and Administration and Its Use in Traffic: An Online Survey

Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a popular recreational intoxicant and associated paraphernalia are increasingly being found at road traffic accident scenes in the Netherlands, suggesting that N2O intoxication causally contributes to the occurrence of a significant number of road traffic accidents. However, information on the pharmacodynamics- and kinetic characteristics of recreational N2O use is limited, impeding policy making and enforcement. This investigation aimed to determine a representative dosing method for recreational N2O use and establish a relevant timeframe for assessing psychomotoric functioning in future research. Online survey responses of 511 N2O users revealed that the majority inhaled N2O from party balloons filled with 4–14 L of N2O. Inhalation typically involved a repetitive “rebreathing” technique with 20–30 second breaks every six cycles, or without breaks, for approximately 12 cycles in total. 10.3% of respondents admitted to have inhaled N2O during driving in the past. Driving departure within 1 hour of inhalation was common, providing a relevant timeframe for the investigation of psychomotoric effects of recreational N2O use in future research.

Improving Transportation and Traffic Safety with Digital Infrastructure and Telematic Systems for Mountain Vehicle Operations

Digital transformation strategies have been developed and approved in the federal constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The strategy of digital transformation of the Republic of Dagestan has comprised transport among main areas.The strategy of digital transformation in the field of transport involves introduction of navigation systems on public transport, ensuring the comfort of passenger travel, including ease of payment, and reduced waiting time.Research has shown that in recent years the number of road traffic accidents in the mountainous regions of Dagestan and their severity has increased. This is due to an increase in the number of cars operated on the road network of the Republic, especially by motor tourists, a decrease in driver discipline, and the low level of development of telematics systems and digital infrastructure on mountain roads.In this work, the authors have proposed organisational, technical and engineering measures for development of digital infrastructure for the mountainous road conditions of the Republic of Dagestan, which include the creation of a Situation Centre in the Traffic Control Centre (TCC) with introduction of an automated transport mobility management system, systems for monitoring meteorological and road conditions, installation of dynamic information boards, updating of navigation maps and enhancement of the functions of voice messages.The implementation of the proposed measures will improve transportation and road traffic safety when transporting passengers in the mountainous areas of Dagestan and reduce the number of road traffic accidents.

Road traffic mortality in Zunyi city, China: A 10 – year data analysis (2013–2022)

PurposeThe study aimed to examine the pattern of motorization and the mortality rate related to road traffic crashes in Zunyi (a city in northern Guizhou province of China) from 2013 to 2022, and to identify the epidemiological characteristics of these crashes with to provide insights that could help improve road safety. MethodsData were obtained from the Zunyi traffic management data platform, and the mortality rates were calculated. We deployed various analytical methods, including descriptive analysis, Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test of categorical variable, circular distribution map analysis, and Rayleigh test to characterize the traits of road traffic crashes in the region. ResultsDuring the 10-year study period, 7488 people died due to road traffic accidents, with males accounting for 70.4% and females 29.6% (χ2 = 101.97, p < 0.001). The mortality rate increased from 7.80 deaths per 100,000 people in 2013 to 10.70 deaths per 100,000 people in 2016, but then decreased to 9.54 deaths per 100,000 people in 2019. A notable finding was that the death rate per 10,000 vehicles declined from 16.09 deaths per 10,000 vehicles in 2013 to 5.48 deaths per 10,000 vehicles in 2022. The study also found that vulnerable road users represented nearly half (48.76%) of all accident fatalities, and unlicensed or inexperienced driving contributed significantly to the occurrence of road traffic accidents. ConclusionAlthough the number of road traffic accidents in Zunyi has decreased, there are still some critical issues that need to be addressed, particularly for vulnerable road users and unlicensed drivers. Our results highlight the need of targeted interventions to address the specific risk factors of road traffic crashes, particularly those affecting vulnerable road users and drivers without sufficient experience or license.

Road traffic accidents presenting to the emergency department of a tertiary care hospital in North-East India: A cross-sectional study

Road traffic accidents (RTA) are one of the most common cases brought to a hospital daily. The severity of the situation is not known to most of the masses. It has a high chance of mortality and high disabling capacity due to injuries to the main vital parts of the body.: A cross-sectional study was conducted to analyse the pattern of road traffic accidents as regards the type of victims, offending vehicle, place &amp; time of occurrence, type of injuries sustained, fatality among the RTA victims admitted in the emergency department of a tertiary care hospital in North-East India during January 2021-June 2022.A total of 1002 RTA cases were reviewed, and it was found that most of the RTA (76.3%) were males and 32.7% of the cases belonged to the age group of 21-30 years, followed by the age group of 31-40 years (20.5%). RTAs commonly occurred between 12:01 p.m-6 p.m.; the offending vehicles were 4-wheelers (38%) followed by 2-wheelers (36.4%). Most of the victims were 2-wheeler riders (62.2%) followed by pedestrians (16.8%); the head &amp; face were most affected body parts (42.2%) followed by lower limbs (30.6%) and Imphal West was the most common place of occurrence (48.8%).With the increasing use of motor vehicles, the number of road traffic accidents is rising. It is important to find a pattern of these cases in this part of the country so that we can prevent such unfortunate and unnatural deaths.

Effect of climate change on road traffic accidents in the UAE: a narrative review

Road traffic accidents (RTA) is a major cause of death and disability all over the world. It is the leading cause of death in children and young adults aged 5-29 years.   Worldwide, it is a growing public health concern as, approximately, 1.3 million people die every year due to RTA. It is also taxing on a country’s GDP as at least 3% of the GDP is spent on RTA’s annually. In 2020, there were 3.14 deaths per 100,000 in the UAE and this number increased by 20% in 2021. It also happens to be the second highest cause of death after cardiovascular diseases. There are many factors like speeding, driving under the influence, distracted driving, nonuse of seatbelts etc. which can cause accidents. Weather phenomenon is an overlooked factor which can cause an increase in the number of RTAs. Climate change has resulted in a global increase of temperature and an increase in weird weather phenomenon like increased rainfall, fog, smog, snowfall etc. Very limited studies have been conducted to see the relationship between the two and none have been conducted in the UAE. This review was done based on articles selected from PubMed and SpringerLink, to see whether the results could be applicable in this region. In countries like Saudi Arabia and Pakistan, increased rainfall and fog has resulted in an increase in the number of fatal accidents whereas in the USA, it was observed that the warmer temperatures have resulted in a higher number of fatal accidents. Hence, there is a need to assess the impact of climate change on RTA.

Utilizing AEMS (Assess-EOP-Map-Simulate) Algorithm to Assess and Spatially Link Prehospital Emergency Medical Services Resources in Road-Traffic Mass Casualty Incidents in Kumasi, Ghana

Introduction:Due to the high number of road traffic accidents with acute injuries and fatalities–particularly in Mass Casualty Incidents (MCI) in low-resource urban sub-Saharan African cities–research was undertaken to create an evidence-based algorithm that could be used to assess and geospatially link EMS needs in Kumasi, Ghana, to trauma resources. Our examination showed that non-MCI fatalities was approximately 2.5%, however, MCI fatalities were found to be 1.8 times higher–at 4.3%, indicating significant opportunities in the planning, preparedness, care, and transport among MCI patient management.Therefore, several studies (funded through Fulbright-Fogarty and Fulbright Specialist programs), supported the development of the A-E-M-S (Assess-EOP-Map-Simulate) Medical Mass Casualty Algorithm that began networking accident ‘hotspots’ to existing trauma-level capabilities and surge capacity competencies in eight specified Kumasi hospitals. This low-cost response model promises to be an innovative alternative to long-term infrastructure development and high-priced resource distributions. Use of GIS and UAV drones allowed response systems to geospatially locate, classify, shift, and/or augment resources as needed in conjunction with hotspots.Method:Sample sizes were averaged at 295 for all patients' ages, with only a sample size of 292 for adults at 95% confidence intervals, and a standard deviation of 0.5. A total of 300 road-traffic accident victims were collected at KATH A&amp;E in February-May, 2017, utilizing handheld devices by four researchers 24/7 daily.Results:Our examination showed that non-MCI fatalities were approximately 2.5%, however, MCI fatalities were found to be 1.8 times higher–at 4.3%, indicating significant opportunities in the planning, preparedness, care, and transport among MCI patient management.Conclusion:To date–and in partnership with Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Ghana Medical Council, Health Services, National Disaster Management Organization, and others–over 306 Ghanaian healthcare providers from 80 different facilities have been trained in the AEMS program.

Factors affecting the number of road traffic accidents in Kerman province, southeastern Iran (2015–2021)

Road traffic accidents (RTAs) are among the top causes of mortality and disability globally, particularly in developing nations like Iran. In this study, RTAs were analyzed to develop precise predictive models for predicting the frequency of accidents in the Kerman Province (southeastern Iran) using the autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) and autoregressive integrated moving average with explanatory variables (ARIMAX) modeling methods. The findings demonstrate that including factors regarding humans, vehicles, and elements of nature in the time-series analysis of accident records resulted in the development of a more reliable prediction model than utilizing only aggregated accident count. The understanding of safety on the road is increased by this research, which also offers a method for forecasting that utilizes a variety of parameters relating to people, cars, and the environment. The findings of this research are likely to contribute to lowering the incidence of RTAs in Iran.

Road Safety in the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation

The article deals with the issue of road safety in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation.The analysis of road traffic accidents over the past 10 years that occurred in the Arctic zone of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) was carried out for the first time ever. The study refers to the total number of road traffic accidents, accidents due to the fault of pedestrians, accidents due to the unsatisfied condition of streets and roads, accidents involving children under 16 years of age, accidents involving drivers with signs of alcohol intoxication and accidents committed by drivers without the right to drive vehicles. Based on the data obtained, a coefficient K was proposed that characterises the state of road safety in the Arctic regions in comparison with traffic safety in general in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia).The analysis of road traffic accident statistics has shown that many accidents are the fault of drivers without a driver’s license and revealed the districts with respectively the highest and lowest number of accidents as per their types listed above.Despite the huge territory and the small number of inhabitants, and consequently the low population density, the number of accidents in the Arctic zone of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) has been increasing every year necessitating efforts to improve road safety.

Organizational and technical conditions of highway quality assurance

The article discusses the necessary conditions for ensuring quality and reliability from the design stage of highways, including the period of operation, the implementation of which without proper selection and justification will definitely increase the number of road traffic accidents during traffic flows on the road. The article presents specific examples from the organizational period including the technical conditions causing damage to the roadway. The final part of the article presents approaches, the consideration of which will make it possible to increase the quality and reliability of roads as an engineering structure.

Monitoring of road infrastructure operation indicators using mobile laser scanning

The main problems of the national and local road infrastructure in the Republic of Bulgaria are the significant percentage of routes with poor and unsatisfactory operation indicators, and the significant number of road traffic accidents annually. This paper provides a summary assessment of Mobile Laser Scanning (MLS) as a means providing a package of activities that improve roads’ technical and operational parameters and increase road’s safety. It is noted that the use of MLS technology provides high-information value results, and surveying process is significantly faster and safer than that of conventional geodetic methods.

The role of tourism in road traffic accidents: the case of Greece

ABSTRACT The increase in the number of tourists visiting many destinations in Greece could lead to spillover effects on the safety of tourists with road traffic accidents being the major contributor to the morbidity and mortality of travellers worldwide. We employ data from 51 Greek regions (NUTS-3) during the period 2000–2017 to investigate the role of tourism in road accidents. We examine whether road accidents are affected by factors such as tourism, economic, demographic, meteorological, and risk exposure variables. We reveal that tourism affects road accidents in Greece, and that foreign tourists have a significant influence in this regard. Domestic tourists have a significant effect on non-fatal accidents, unlike foreign travellers, who covary more with cases of severe injuries and fatalities. There is a positive relationship between the number of road traffic accidents and tourism; more and longer stays of tourists coincide with increased vehicular collisions. Our findings suggest that domestic and foreign tourists are important to the national road safety policy plan, and that policymakers should be aware of this.

Clinico-Etiological Profile of Children Admitted with Head Injury in a Tertiary Health Care Centre During the COVID Pandemic

Abstract Background The mechanism of injury, type of pathology, mode of management and specific problems, in the pediatric age group make these a unique population. The COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown caused a significant reduction in the number of road traffic accidents during the same period and the resultant number of head injuries in children. Methods This was a descriptive study of 76 consecutive pediatric patients admitted with head injury between June and December 2020. Children under 18 years with head injury admitted in our hospital were included. Results The most common etiology of pediatric head injury was found to be fall from height (61.8%) followed by road traffic accidents (27.6%). The most common age group affected was 1 to 5 years with a mean of 6.3 ± 5 years. Road traffic accidents were commonly seen in the 15 to 18 age group. The Glasgow Outcome Score (GOS) of 1 (death) was seen in one patient (1.3%) and low disability in 98.7% of patients. Conclusion Falls formed the most important cause of pediatric head injury during this pandemic, and carefulness on the part of parents can help avoid dangerous consequences for the children. Recovery with minimal disability was observed in approximately all cases in this study. The number of severe traumatic brain injury was very low in this study. This can be attributed to the COVID-19 pandemic causing significant reduction in road traffic accidents and the number of severe head injury

CRIMINAL LIABILITY FOR THE VIOLATION OF THE ROAD TRAFFIC REGULATIONS AND VEHICLE OPERATION REGULATIONS

The constant increase in the number of vehicles in Latvia during the last twenty years has significantly increased the intensity of road traffic, thus causing an increase in the number of road traffic accidents. Holding a person criminally liable under Section 260 of the Criminal Law that provides for liability for the violation of the road traffic regulations and vehicle operation regulations is mostly affected by the precise determination of what a breach of these regulations is. However, there are several open theoretical and practical questions and the most important of which are shortcomings in the definition of a vehicle in Section 261 of the Criminal Law, which, as theoretical research and case-law has shown, hinders the achievement of the aim of the legal provision included in Section 260 of the Criminal Law in accordance with its meaning.

Exploring the spatio-temporal patterns of road traffic accidents in Saudi Arabia

Background: Road traffic accidents (RTAs) are a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in the young population and are a growing problem worldwide. This study is a comprehensive analysis of the spatiotemporal patterns of 352,464 RTAs in Saudi Arabia from 2017 to 2018. Methods: This study consists of three principal phases of analysis (exploratory data analysis of the RTA dataset by analyzing population involvement in RTAs and mortality or morbidity, we examined the geographic and temporal distribution of RTA, and we performed a spatial hotspot analysis per region on a monthly basis using local Moran&amp;apos;s I hotspot clustering). This study presented the monthly spatiotemporal patterns of RTAs in Saudi Arabia in 1439 Hijri and data were obtained from the Saudi Open Data Portal for all. Results: Four cities, Ar Riyad, Ash Sharqiyah, Makkah, and Jeddah, were in the top 25% of RTA involvement, mortality, and morbidity in Saudi Arabia. Four cities, Ar Riyad, Ash Sharqiyah, Makkah, and Jeddah, were in the top 25% of RTA involvement, mortality, and morbidity in Saudi Arabia. There were 11 injuries and 2 deaths per 100 accidents during the study period. More than 84% and 88% of those who were injured and killed in RTAs were male, respectively. There was a significant decrease in the number of RTAs in the last months of the year (Hajj month in the Hijri calendar) compared to other months in the Makkah region and the Eastern Province. In addition, no significant temporal patterns in daily occurrence rates at the national level. Similarly, there was no significant difference between RTA incidence on weekdays and weekends. Differences between daytime and nighttime were significant, with more accidents occurring during the day. The number of injuries per 1,000 population is the same throughout the year in the provinces of the country. Conclusion: This study identified areas in Saudi Arabia where further investigation is needed to analyze the points that lead to more RTAs and consequently more disabilities and mortalities.

Prehospital Care in Road Traffic Accident Cases

Abstract Background: Rapid population growth, industrialization and an increase in road vehicles, have led to a drastic increase in the number of Road Traffic Accidents (RTA).Pedestrians, motorized two wheeled vehicle (MTV) users, and cyclists are the most vulnerable road user groups in terms of injuries and fatalities resulting from road traffic crashes in India. At least one-third of potentially preventable deaths occur prior to arrival at hospital and over half occur during the hospital reception and resuscitation phase of care. Prehospital emergency care in India is only beginning to develop. Thirty per cent of emergency patients in India die before they reach a hospital. Persons who shift the victims are usually untrained members of the public. Crash victims are often taken to the nearest hospital, regardless of the hospital’s capabilities for dealing with trauma. The vast majority of ambulances are used for inter-hospital transfer, not for primary response. This highlights the need of urgent steps for establishing good pre-hospital care and trauma services at site in India. Aims and Objectives: The study attempts to know the status of provision of pre hospital care to RTA victims and to suggest measures for improving hospital and pre-hospital care to the same. Methods: The study was conducted on patients of RTI admitted at Trauma Centre of King George’s Medical University UP (KGMU), Lucknow. A semi-structured questionnaire was used gather information about the socio demographic profile of RTA victims and the status of provision of pre hospital care to them. Results: It was seen in the present study that only eight percent cases had some sort of pre-hospital care given, or some interventions done before victim was taken to the hospital. Majority of these interventions were given by the bystanders and included measures like shifting the victim from the accident site (76.5%), water splinting/fanning/water given to drink (8.8%), or wound covered with cloth (5.9%) or medications (8.8%). In 9.7 percent cases, it was not known whether any pre hospital intervention was given. Out of the total cases who died, 66.7 percent had not received any intervention before hospitalization. The proportion of mortality was 2.5 percent in cases where no interventions were given, while there was no mortality in cases where some interventions were given before hospitalization. Conclusion: It was seen that very few cases got some intervention before hospitalization and a number of cases were referred from government health facilities due to unavailability of beds, equipment or medical staff. About thirty percent interviewees were not aware of ambulance emergency number. Lower proportion of mortality was seen in cases that got intervention at a health facility within an hour.

Road traffic deaths and injuries in Kathmandu

Road accidents account for the eighth leading cause of death for all ages in the world. The roads in Nepal are one of the most dangerous in the world, putting road users at greater risk, due to geographical and human causes. Pedestrians, motorbikes, and cyclists are the most vulnerable road users in the Kathmandu Valley. This paper aims to describe the trend of road traffic deaths and injuries in Kathmandu from the perspective of a safer road user policy. A descriptive retrospective study was done based on the information provided by the Metropolitan Traffic Police on road traffic crashes. In the study, the data on road traffic crashes, injuries, and deaths from all types of vehicles over five successive years were obtained from Traffic Police Office, Kathmandu in March-November, 2020 whereas, all the existing national road safety policies and strategies were collected from secondary data. The collected data were analyzed through MS Excel and represented in tables, bar diagrams, and pie charts. From the five successive years’ trend on road traffic injuries and deaths in Kathmandu, it was analyzed that the number of road traffic accidents in FY 2019/20 was 1.5 times higher than in 2018/19. The fatality rate increased to 0.4 per 100,000 population in FY 2019/20 where the fatality of the male population was higher than that of females and the majority of them were of the age group 16-35 years. The death and injury ratio was calculated which showed that the ratio was higher in FY 2019/20 indicating mild injuries and 2 severe injuries. The main causes of traffic accidents were road user negligence, speeding, and overtaking operations. In conclusion, the majority of the young population is prone to be at risk of road traffic accidents and deaths which are preventable.

Automatic Speed Bump (ASeB) to Reduce the Rate of Traffic Accident

The number of road traffic accidents is a complicated problem that has never been separated from the government's attention since the national development began to be implemented, especially in the transportation sector. From the three categories of road, sea, air, and rail traffic, road traffic does have the greatest risk of accident rates compared to others. In this case, it needs the development system, including the manufacture of designing Automatic Speed Bump known as an ASeB prototype that can detect the speed of the vehicles which pass beyond the maximum speed limits. Road users are expected to provide a psychological effect for the road users to reduce their vehicles' speed. This tool can detect vehicle speeds using ultrasonic sensors and directly give an announcement or warning through sound and running text. Subsequently, it runs the automatic speed bump as the vehicle's speed reducer. By using this system, it is expected that road users can reduce the speed of their vehicles when passing on the road, significantly reducing the number of traffic accidents.

Modeling road accident fatalities with underdispersion and zero-inflated counts.

In 2013, Thailand was ranked second in the world in road accident fatalities (RAFs), with 36.2 per 100,000 people. During the Songkran festival, which takes place during the traditional Thai New Year in April, the number of road traffic accidents (RTAs) and RAFs are markedly higher than on regular days, but few studies have investigated this issue as an effect of festivity. This study investigated the factors that contribute to RAFs using various count regression models. Data on 20,229 accidents in 2015 were collected from the Department of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation in Thailand. The Poisson and Conway-Maxwell-Poisson (CMP) distributions, and their zero-Inflated (ZI) versions were applied to fit the data. The results showed that RAFs in Thailand follow a count distribution with underdispersion and excessive zeros, which is rare. The ZICMP model marginally outperformed the CMP model, suggesting that having many zeros does not necessarily mean that the ZI model is required. The model choice depends on the question of interest, and a separate set of predictors highlights the distinct aspects of the data. Using ZICMP, road, weather, and environmental factors affected the differences in RAFs among all accidents, whereas month distinguished actual non-fatal accidents and crashes with or without deaths. As expected, actual non-fatal accidents were 2.37 times higher in April than in January. Using CMP, these variables were significant predictors of zeros and frequent deaths in each accident. The RAF average was surprisingly higher in other months than in January, except for April, which was unexpectedly lower. Thai authorities have invested considerable effort and resources to improve road safety during festival weeks to no avail. However, our study results indicate that people's risk perceptions and public awareness of RAFs are misleading. Therefore, nationwide road safety should instead be advocated by the authorities to raise society's awareness of everyday personal safety and the safety of others.